1、微生物群-神经上皮信号在肠脑轴中的传递

Microbiota-neuroepithelial signalling across the gut-brain axis

英语原文摘要：Research over the past two decades has established a remarkable ability of the gut microbiota to modulate brain activity and behaviour. Conversely, signals from the brain can influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This bidirectional communication across the gut microbiota-brain axis, involving multiple biochemical and cellular mediators, is recognized as a major brain-body network that integrates cues from the environment and the body's internal state. Central to this network is the gut sensory system, formed by intimate connections between chemosensory epithelial cells and sensory nerve fibres, that conveys interoceptive signals to the central nervous system. ——Takahiro E Ohara et al., Nat Rev Microbiol, 2025, 23: 371–384.

中文翻译：过去二十年的研究已经证实肠道微生物具有调节大脑活动和行为的显著能力。相反，来自大脑的信号也能影响肠道微生物的组成和功能。这种跨越肠道微生物-脑轴的双向通讯，涉及多种生化和细胞介质，被公认为一个主要的脑-身体网络，整合了来自环境和身体内部状态的信号。该网络的核心是肠道感觉系统，由化学感应上皮细胞与感觉神经纤维之间的紧密连接形成，将内感受信号传递到中枢神经系统。

Cite：Takahiro E Ohara et al., Microbiota–neuroepithelial signalling across the gut–brain axis, Nature Reviews Microbiology.2025 Jun;23(6):371–384.doi: 10.1038/s41579-024-01136-9.

链接：https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39743581/

2、 Nature Communications（2026年2月）——6941人群队列研究

英文原文摘要： Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between sleep and the gut microbiome. In this study, we explore the associations of sleep characteristics with lifestyle factors and gut microbiome composition in 6941 participants from the Lifelines Dutch Microbiome Project.

中文翻译：新兴证据表明睡眠与肠道微生物组之间存在双向关系。在本研究中，我们在来自Lifelines荷兰微生物组项目的6941名参与者中，探讨了睡眠特征与生活方式因素及肠道微生物组组成之间的关联。

英文原文摘要： We show that lower alpha diversity is associated with poorer sleep quality, later chronotype, and greater social jet lag, while beta diversity is linked to both sleep quality and social jet lag. Of the 137 bacterial species associated with sleep, 35.6% are validated in an independent cohort.

中文翻译：我们发现，较低的a多样性与较差的睡眠质量、较晚的作息类型以及更大的社交时差有关联，而β多样性则与睡眠质量和社交时差均有联系在与睡眠相关的137种细菌菌种中，有35.6%的菌种已在独立队列中得到验证。

英文原文摘要：These findings highlight the intricate relationship between diet, the gut microbiome, and sleep, suggesting the potential for microbiome-targeted interventions to improve sleep health.

中文翻译：这些发现突显了饮食、肠道微生物组与睡眠之间的复杂关系，表明针对微生物组的干预措施有望改善睡眠健康。

出处：Nature Communications, volume 17, Article number: 2731 (2026), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-68791-9

3、Frontiers in Neurology（2025年12月）——MGBA双向调节睡眠机制

英文原文摘要： This interaction is inherently bidirectional: sleep deprivation alters gut motility, mucosal integrity, and microbial composition, while microbial metabolites in turn influence neurotransmission (γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin), immune-endocrine balance, and inflammatory signaling.

中文翻译： 这种相互作用本质上是双向的：睡眠剥夺会改变肠道蠕动、黏膜完整性和微生物组成，而微生物代谢产物反过来又会影响神经传递（γ-氨基丁酸、血清素）、免疫内分泌平衡和炎症信号通路。

出处： Frontiers in Neurology, 11 December 2025, Sec. Sleep Disorders, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1721606

说明：Frontiers期刊为SCI收录，影响因子3.4（2024年）

4、Brain, Behavior, and Immunity–Health（2025年）——昼夜节律-肠道菌群反馈回路

英文原文摘要： Gut microbiota dysbiosis may influence insomnia through the modulation of central and peripheral circadian rhythms. CR disruption exacerbates GM imbalances, forming a feedback loop that impairs sleep regulation through both central and peripheral pathways.

中文翻译：肠道微生物群失调可能通过调节中枢和外周昼夜节律影响失眠。昼夜节律紊乱进一步加剧肠道微生物失衡，形成一个通过中枢和外周通路损害睡眠调节的反馈回路。

出处：Brain, Behavior, and Immunity–Health, 2025, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2025.100914

5、Nature正刊正式公开肠脑轴双向性观念

2015年2月25日，Nature正刊发表专栏文章“Thinking from the Gut”，在全球范围内首次正式公开点明“大脑影响肠道微生物+肠道微生物影响大脑”的双向性观念：

英文原文摘要（Nature·2015）：“The gut-brain axis seems to be bidirectional—the brain acts on gastrointestinal and immune functions that help to shape the gut’s microbial makeup, and gut microbes make neuroactive compounds, including neurotransmitters and metabolites that also act on the brain.”

中文翻译： 肠脑轴似乎是双向的——大脑通过影响胃肠道和免疫功能参与塑造肠道微生物构成，而肠道微生物产生的神经活性化合物,包括神经递质和代谢产物，也会反过来作用于大脑。

出处： Nature, 2015, 518, S13；DOI: 10.1038/518S13a